Åström's 1965 paper's own Notes section places it in a Bellman–Fel'dbaum–Pontryagin–Kolmogorov control-theory lineage, directly citing A.A. Fel'dbaum's 1962 paper

control-theorypomdpkarl-astromfeldbaumpontryaginbellmanhistory-of-sciencecitation-analysis

The closing "Notes" section of Åström's 1965 paper states its own intellectual ancestry directly: "The foundations of the stochastic variational calculus have essentially been laid by Bellman [9, 11, 12], who first developed the basic tool, used in this paper, Dynamic Programming. Bellman has strongly emphasized the use of Markovian models for control problems; this is also done by Feldbaum [13], Florentin [14], Kolmogorov [15], Krassovskii [16], and Pontryagin [2, chap. VI]." Reference [13] in Åström's own bibliography is "Feldbaum, A. A. On optimal control of Markov objects. Autom. Remote Control 24, 993–1007 (1962)."

This is the first primary-source confirmation in this vault that Åström's own 1965 paper cites A.A. Fel'dbaum directly. Until this reading, the vault's Fel'dbaum→Åström→Kaelbling chain (claim-kaelbling-1998-cites-astrom-1965-as-pomdp-origin) rested on a 2026 secondary survey's framing of the lineage (claim-feldbaum-1960s-dual-control-formalized-exploration-exploitation-tradeoff), not on Åström's own reference list. The Notes section also confirms which field Åström situated his own work within at the moment of publication: Soviet and Western control theory — Bellman, Fel'dbaum, Pontryagin, Kolmogorov — with the paper additionally noting it was "Submitted by Richard Bellman." Nothing in the Notes section situates the paper within the artificial-intelligence research of the period.