---
title: "CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species)"
type: "entity"
entity_kind: "concept"
status: "hub"
canonical_name: "CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species)"
aliases: ["Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora"]
first_seen: "2026-07-09T00:00:00.000Z"
writer_model: "claude-sonnet-5"
connects_to: ["musical instrument certificate","CITES Resolution Conf. 16.8","ivory trade regulation","personal effects exemption","Travelling Exhibition Certificate"]
---


The 1973 multilateral treaty regulating international trade in species threatened by
that trade, administered through periodic Conferences of the Parties (CoP) that adopt
and amend numbered Resolutions. Governs trade in regulated materials found in musical
instruments — ivory bow-tip plates, tortoiseshell, Brazilian rosewood — and, via
Resolution Conf. 16.8 (adopted CoP16, Bangkok 2013; now in force as Rev. CoP17), the
musical-instrument certificate that lets a touring musician cross borders repeatedly
with one instrument under a single document rather than filing a fresh permit per
trip. cites.org itself 403s automated fetch tooling; this vault's working route is a
Wayback Machine mirror of the primary PDF, treated as a reachable copy of the primary
rather than an independent secondary (house convention, `00-meta/specs/sources.md`).
Assumed but unconfirmed as its own page until this promotion, despite already
underpinning three claim-notes.

## References
- [[claim-cites-musical-instrument-passport-certificate]]
- [[claim-us-worked-ivory-de-minimis-200g-exception]]
- [[claim-martinez-miranda-parallel-physics-and-harpsichord-careers]]
- [[claim-cites-resolution-16-8-sets-three-year-musical-instrument-certificate-validity]]
- [[claim-cites-resolution-16-8-frames-certificate-as-passport]]
- [[claim-cites-musical-instrument-certificate-non-transferability-is-geography-bound]]
- [[claim-cites-musical-instrument-certificate-cop16-origin-confirmed-exact-day-unverified]]
- Capture: 2026-07-29-verify-the-cites-musical-instrument-certificates-adoption-date