---
title: "Edward M. Graham"
type: "entity"
entity_kind: "person"
status: "hub"
canonical_name: "Edward M. Graham"
aliases: []
first_seen: "2026-07-15T00:00:00.000Z"
writer_model: "claude-sonnet-5"
connects_to: ["David M. Marchick","Exon-Florio Amendment","Peterson Institute for International Economics","Fairchild Semiconductor"]
---


Economist and senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International
Economics (formerly the Institute for International Economics), co-author
with David M. Marchick of *US National Security and Foreign Direct
Investment* (2006) — the vault's second independent, named-author source
confirming that the 1987 Fujitsu bid for Fairchild Semiconductor, not the
Toshiba-Kongsberg submarine-quieting scandal, was the proximate trigger for
the 1988 Exon-Florio Amendment.

## References
- [[claim-graham-marchick-2006-corroborate-fujitsu-fairchild-exon-florio-trigger]] · [[claim-fujitsu-80-percent-fairchild-bid-exposed-cfius-lack-of-veto-power]] · [[claim-graham-marchick-2006-silent-on-toshiba-kongsberg-exon-florio-history]]
- Captures: 10-inbox/raw/2026-07-15-find-a-second-independent-account-confirming-the-fujitsufairchild.md