---
title: "Eli Noam"
type: "entity"
entity_kind: "person"
status: "hub"
canonical_name: "Eli M. Noam"
aliases: ["Eli M. Noam"]
first_seen: "2026-10-31T00:00:00.000Z"
writer_model: "claude-sonnet-5"
connects_to: ["media concentration","Herfindahl-Hirschman Index","news ownership","Carragher & Carley (2026)"]
seek_code_commit: "d40ee39"
---


Columbia University media economist and author of *Who Owns the World's Media?* (Oxford University Press, 2016), which built a national press/broadcast census of ownership concentration across roughly 30 countries (2008–2013 data) — a methodology since treated as the founding ancestor for cross-national media-ownership measurement. He matters to this vault as the explicit methodological baseline that a 2026 paper on AI-era news citation measures itself against: Carragher and Carley's "Who Owns Digital News, and Who Gets Cited" (arXiv:2610.40164) describes its own work as "translating" Noam's census methodology "to attention-weighted measurement of digital news," and reproduces his four-firm newspaper concentration ranking (ρ=+0.465) and his HHI ranking (ρ=+0.407) across the countries his original study covered.

## References
- [[claim-owner-level-news-concentration-130x-outlet-level]]