"Later, Longer, Fewer" campaign (wan, xi, shao)
A national Chinese birth-planning program approved by the State Council in 1971, encouraging later marriage, longer birth spacing, and fewer children, and setting numerical population-growth-rate targets under Mao — nearly a decade before the 1980 one-child policy.
Matters to this vault as the documentary basis for the claim that coercive, campaign-driven birth limitation was already the norm in China for a decade before Song Jian's 1978 encounter with population cybernetics, complicating any "1980 was year zero" framing of the one-child policy's origins.