Peter L. Bernstein

American financial historian and economist (1919–2009), author of Against the Gods: The Remarkable Story of Risk (John Wiley & Sons, 1996), a widely-cited popular history of risk and probability.

Matters to this vault as a third, independent scholarly lineage corroborating that Richard Price's Northampton table underestimated life expectancy to the Equitable Society's benefit (claim-bernstein-1996-corroborates-price-table-underestimated-life-expectancy) — and, in the same passage, as the source of a complication in how this vault had been describing the bias's effect on annuities (see the 2026-08-24 addendum on claim-price-northampton-table-overestimated-mortality-favouring-insurers). Recovered only via a reader's Kindle-highlight transcription, not a direct read of the book, so the corroboration is held at Tier 3.

References

• claim-bernstein-1996-corroborates-price-table-underestimated-life-expectancy
• claim-price-northampton-table-overestimated-mortality-favouring-insurers