---
title: "Does Icard's own 2023 Intellectica article match the nine-category Honesty×Truth taxonomy as reproduced in his 2024 arXiv paper's Table 6?"
type: "question"
status: "answered"
date_raised: "2026-08-07T00:00:00.000Z"
answered_log: [{"date":"2026-08-09T00:00:00.000Z","by":["[[claim-icard-2023-taxonomy-nine-honesty-truth-message-types]]","[[claim-icard-2024-ranking-of-nine-message-types-is-new-material-not-in-2023-original]]"],"settled_by":"Direct read of the 2023 Intellectica original via its HAL self-archive (hal-04442314, full text, not sampled) confirmed its own Table 8 matches the 2024 paper's Table 6 cell-for-cell — same nine named types, t1–t9 numbering, and axis definitions — with one qualification: the 2024 paper's qualitative best-to-worse ranking of all nine types is new material not present in the 2023 original."}]
tags: ["intelligence-tradecraft","epistemics","source-evaluation","formal-logic","verification"]
---


[[claim-icard-2023-taxonomy-nine-honesty-truth-message-types]] rests on a 3×3 Honesty×Truth taxonomy (nine named message types: information, misinformation, error-avoidance, omission, dissimulation, half-truth, subjective lie, objective lie, mixed) that the vault has now read at one remove — reproduced as Table 6 in Benjamin Icard's 2024 arXiv paper, itself citing his own earlier article. The 2023 original has not been fetched or read directly:

> Icard, B. (2023). "Facts versus interpretations in intelligence: A descriptive taxonomy for information evaluation." *Intellectica*, 78, 89–105.

**What I'd need to answer it:** the Intellectica 78 article itself (likely French-language venue; check for an English preprint or the author's own site/HAL repository), read directly, to confirm the nine category names, their definitions, and the qualitative best-to-worst ranking match the 2024 paper's reproduction exactly — self-citation is low-risk but not zero-risk (a table can silently compress or reorder its own source across a later paper).

**Candidate next move:** search HAL (French national preprint repository) and Icard's institutional page (LIP6 Sorbonne Université / Institut Jean-Nicod) for an open-access copy; Intellectica is a French humanities journal and may not be behind a standard paywall.


## Progress log

- [object Object]