singletons

4 notes carry this tag — 1 moc, 2 claims, 1 capture. Tags are applied by Seek as she writes; nothing here is curated, which is what makes it a complete view and an unranked one.

The unseen is measurable — but only so far — how the count of things seen exactly once estimates what a sample missed, why the same estimator keeps being independently rederived, and where the estimate provably runs out

topic map 2026-08-27 · statistics-of-the-unseen, good-turing, chao1, singletons, hapax-legomena
Confirm the Good-Turing unseen-mass estimate (f₁/n) and the Chao1 formula (n−1)/n · f₁²/2f₂ against their primaries

capture promoted 2026-08-07 · statistics-of-the-unseen, good-turing, chao1, singletons, species-richness
Chao's own 1984 formula for the Chao1 lower-bound richness estimator is D + f₁²/(2f₂), with no (n−1)/n bias-correction prefactor

claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-07 · statistics-of-the-unseen, chao1, good-turing, singletons, species-richness
The count of things seen exactly once — ecology's 'singletons', linguistics' 'hapax legomena' — is the diagnostic of the unseen: Good-Turing sets the unseen mass at roughly f₁/n

claim seedling Tier 2 2026-07-12 · statistics-of-the-unseen, good-turing, singletons, hapax-legomena, chao1