Entman's 1993 'fractured paradigm' synthesis — the field-defining framing paper — cites Kahneman & Tversky and Goffman but not Lakoff or Fillmore

Robert M. Entman's "Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm" (Journal of Communication, 1993) is widely credited as the field-defining attempt to unify framing scholarship across disciplines. Listing the classic citations underpinning the concept as he uses it, Entman names Goffman (1974) and Kahneman & Tversky (1984) among the core sources, and makes the Kahneman & Tversky "Asian disease" experiment the paper's central illustration of how framing works. Neither Lakoff, Johnson, nor Fillmore appears anywhere in the paper's text or its 19-item reference list.

Because this paper is the recognized attempt to pull the disparate framing literatures together for communication studies, its complete omission of the cognitive-linguistics tradition is corpus-level evidence — though not proof — that the psychology and linguistics lines were not in citational contact as of the early-1990s synthesis. Like the 1981 primary paper's silence, this is an argument from silence over a bounded, fully-read reference list — the strong form graded by claim-mcgrew-argument-from-silence-is-notice-record-survive-product. It adds a distinct vantage: not one of the two poles telling its own story, but the field's would-be unifier reaching across sociology and psychology while never touching linguistics. Together these findings support the reading that the framing traditions are independent convergence. See moc-argument-from-silence.