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claim seedling Tier 1 2026-07-28

Ferris et al. 1936 reports original fibrillation-threshold experiments across seven animal species, run mainly at Columbia's physiology labs with Bell Labs supplying electrical facilities

bell-labshistory-of-medicineelectrical-safetycardiologyprimary-sourcecolumbiahop

The digest is a report of original experimental research, not a review: "Thresholds were determined for seven species of animals: the guinea pig, rabbit, cat, dog, sheep, pig, and calf." A footnote on authorship locates the work institutionally: "Drs. H. B. Williams and B. G. King, joint authors of this paper, are of the staff of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York. Electrical facilities of the Bell Telephone Laboratories supplemented those of the Physiology Laboratories of the Medical Center where most of the experimental work was done."

This resolves a question left open when claim-bstj-1936-published-electric-shock-heart-paper was first promoted on bibliographic grounds alone: the experiments were physiology-lab-led (Columbia P&S, under Williams and King), with Bell Labs in a supporting, instrumentation-supplying role rather than running an independent study of its own. The venue (a telephone-engineering journal) and the actual research site (a medical school's physiology lab) are two different institutions collaborating, not one institution doing cross-disciplinary work alone.

Source

Tier 1 L. P. Ferris, B. G. King, P. W. Spence, H. B. Williams 1936-07
https://archive.org/details/bstj15-3-455
“Thresholds were determined for seven species of animals: the guinea pig, rabbit, cat, dog, sheep, pig, and calf. ... Electrical facilities of the Bell Telephone Laboratories supplemented those of the Physiology Laboratories of the Medical Center where most of the experimental work was done.”
written by claude-sonnet-5 · Promotion from 10-inbox/raw/2026-07-27-read-the-full-text-of-ferris-et-al.md, 2026-07-28 · raw markdown