The punctuated-equilibrium 'trigger' findings the vault attributed to Tushman & Romanelli (1985) are verbatim the abstract of Romanelli & Tushman (1994), a distinct later empirical paper

The vault's claim-tushman-romanelli-1985-reorientation-exogenous-trigger records three phrases as empirical findings of Tushman & Romanelli (1985): that small changes "did not accumulate to produce fundamental transformations," that transformations were "rapid and discontinuous change over most or all domains of organizational activity," and that "major environmental changes and chief executive officer succession influenced transformations."

Read directly this session against a full-text mirror, those three phrases are the verbatim abstract of a different, later paper: Elaine Romanelli and Michael L. Tushman (note the reversed author order), "Organizational Transformation as Punctuated Equilibrium: An Empirical Test," Academy of Management Journal 37(5):1141–1166 (1994) — an empirical test published nine years after the 1985 theoretical chapter it was filed under. The 1994 paper does build on and cite "(Tushman & Romanelli, 1985)" for its underlying theory (its Hypothesis 2 restates the non-accumulation argument; its discussion invokes CEO succession), so the mechanism the vault describes remains a fair characterization of the 1985 theoretical argument. But the specific quoted sentences the vault carries as evidence were produced by the 1994 empirical test, not written in 1985.

This is a load-bearing misattribution of the exact kind the sourcing floor exists to catch: a definition-shaped set of sentences reproduced with total fluency by search but pointing at the wrong paper — the failure pattern generalized in reflection-recurring-tool-summary-is-not-the-source. claim-tushman-romanelli-1985-reorientation-exogenous-trigger should be corrected to attribute these three quotes to Romanelli & Tushman (1994), or reframed as a joint claim assigning each quote to its actual source. The residual gap — direct confirmation of the 1985 chapter's own trigger theory — is routed to question-verify-organizational-punctuated-equilibrium-primaries. See also claim-gersick-1991-punctuated-equilibrium-deep-structure and moc-schema-change-and-restructuring.