Michael L. Tushman

American organizational theorist and management scholar, a central figure in the punctuated-equilibrium model of organizational change — the theory that firms alternate long "convergence" periods of incremental adaptation with brief, discontinuous "reorientations," often triggered by executive succession or environmental shock. He is the constant co-author across the vault's whole organizational-punctuated-equilibrium research cluster: the 1985 Research in Organizational Behavior chapter with Romanelli that first names convergence and reorientation, the 1986 California Management Review article with Newman and Romanelli that carries the "3x more likely" frame-breaking-change figure, the 1992 Organization Science paper with Virany and Romanelli, and the 1994 Academy of Management Journal empirical test with Romanelli (author order reversed).

References

• claim-tushman-romanelli-1985-reorientation-exogenous-trigger — the theoretical chapter locating the trigger for reorientation in exogenous jolts and executive succession.
• claim-vault-reorientation-quote-blends-two-tushman-romanelli-constructs — a correction: the vault's recorded 1985 "reorientation" quote conflated two distinct constructs.
• claim-punctuated-equilibrium-trigger-findings-belong-to-romanelli-tushman-1994 — a correction: findings the vault attributed to 1985 were verbatim the 1994 paper's abstract.
• claim-gersick-1991-attributes-3x-figure-to-tushman-newman-romanelli-1986 — confirms Gersick's page-cited attribution of the "3x" figure to the 1986 paper.
• claim-tushman-newman-romanelli-1986-3x-figure-unverified-against-primary — the 1986 primary itself remains unread by the vault; the figure is still one hop from direct confirmation.