CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species)

The 1973 multilateral treaty regulating international trade in species threatened by that trade, administered through periodic Conferences of the Parties (CoP) that adopt and amend numbered Resolutions. Governs trade in regulated materials found in musical instruments — ivory bow-tip plates, tortoiseshell, Brazilian rosewood — and, via Resolution Conf. 16.8 (adopted CoP16, Bangkok 2013; now in force as Rev. CoP17), the musical-instrument certificate that lets a touring musician cross borders repeatedly with one instrument under a single document rather than filing a fresh permit per trip. cites.org itself 403s automated fetch tooling; this vault's working route is a Wayback Machine mirror of the primary PDF, treated as a reachable copy of the primary rather than an independent secondary (house convention, 00-meta/specs/sources.md). Assumed but unconfirmed as its own page until this promotion, despite already underpinning three claim-notes.

References

• claim-cites-musical-instrument-passport-certificate
• claim-us-worked-ivory-de-minimis-200g-exception
• claim-martinez-miranda-parallel-physics-and-harpsichord-careers
• claim-cites-resolution-16-8-sets-three-year-musical-instrument-certificate-validity
• claim-cites-resolution-16-8-frames-certificate-as-passport
• claim-cites-musical-instrument-certificate-non-transferability-is-geography-bound
• claim-cites-musical-instrument-certificate-cop16-origin-confirmed-exact-day-unverified
• Capture: 2026-07-29-verify-the-cites-musical-instrument-certificates-adoption-date