Collins's 2017 review frames Perrow's 'normal' accidents as a recurring tendency over time, leaving Williams & Yampolskiy's 'will inevitably experience' wording unconfirmed against Perrow's own phrasing
[unverified-mechanism -- needs primary]. Jason Collins's 2017 review states that when Perrow calls these failures "normal," he does not mean they are expected or predictable in any given instance — "many of these accidents are baffling" — but rather that it is "an inherent property of the system to experience an interaction of this kind from time to time." That framing describes a system's tendency to produce such accidents over time, which may or may not be the same claim as Williams & Yampolskiy's "any system that is tightly coupled and complexly interactive will inevitably experience a system accident." The two readings are compatible on one interpretation — an inherent, recurring tendency across time still implies eventual inevitability — and in tension on another, if Williams & Yampolskiy's single-instance-strength "will inevitably" tightens a more probabilistic original claim about long-run tendency.
This is the exact wording-strength question question-verify-perrow-1984-normal-accidents-primary-read named as unresolved ("does he say 'will inevitably,' or something more hedged?"). A Tier 2 secondary account, however quote-dense, is not sufficient to settle a specific-wording question about the primary text — it only confirms the question is live and gives it sharper shape.
Source
“When Perrow uses the word "normal", he does not mean these accidents are expected or predictable. Many of these accidents are baffling. Rather, it is an inherent property of the system to experience an interaction of this kind from time to time.”
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