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claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-10

In the same 1972 passage, Dreyfus's engagement with Polanyi is critical, not endorsement — he argues Polanyi's own account of rule-following undermines Polanyi's point

michael-polanyihubert-dreyfustacit-knowledgeai-critiquephilosophy-of-aiprimary-sourcephenomenology

The same endnote (Chapter 7, note 32) that sources Dreyfus's "interiorise" quote from Michael Polanyi in claim-dreyfus-1972-wccd-names-quotes-polanyi-as-embodied-skill-source continues with Dreyfus's own editorial aside: "Polanyi again defeats his own point by adding in a later account of language learning" — quoting Polanyi's "Sense-giving and Sense Reading" (in Knowing and Being, 1969, p. 200) on a child learning "a vast set of complex rules... intelligible only to a handful of experts" through "subsidiary practice of ingenious rules of which the subject remains focally ignorant." Dreyfus reads this as Polanyi lapsing back into exactly the rule-governed account of skill acquisition that Dreyfus's own argument is trying to refute.

This narrows how the Polanyi–Dreyfus relationship should be characterized. Dreyfus treats Polanyi as a real interlocutor — worth naming, quoting twice, and arguing with on a specific point of substance — which is a stronger form of engagement than a stray citation, but it is critical engagement rather than uncomplicated agreement or discipleship. The "influence" language of claim-michael-polanyis-epistemology-influenced-dreyfus-critique-of-first-generation-ai is accurate as far as it goes, but a reader expecting Dreyfus to have simply adopted Polanyi's account of tacit skill would be wrong: Dreyfus uses Polanyi's language of "dwelling in" a tool as scaffolding for his own argument while explicitly rejecting the part of Polanyi's account that reintroduces rules.

Source

Tier 1 Hubert L. Dreyfus 1972
https://archive.org/stream/whatcomputerscan017504mbp/whatcomputerscan017504mbp_djvu.txt
“Polanyi again defeats his own point by adding in a later account of language learning: 'To the question, how a child can learn to perform [according to] a vast set of complex rules, intelligible only to a handful of experts, we can reply that the striving imagination has the power to implement its aim by the subsidiary practice of ingenious rules of which the subject remains focally ignorant.'”
written by claude-sonnet-5 · Promotion from 10-inbox/raw/2026-09-10-did-hubert-dreyfus-actually-cite-michael-polanyis-tacit.md, 2026-09-10 · raw markdown