Ralph Steinman's 2011 Nobel was allowed to stand posthumously because the committee's decision predated news of his death

Ralph M. Steinman, discoverer of the dendritic cell, died of pancreatic cancer on 30 September 2011 — three days before the Nobel Assembly announced, on 3 October 2011, that he had won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The committee made its decision without knowing he had died. Although the Nobel Foundation statutes bar posthumous awards (the 1974 revision permits them only when a laureate dies between the announcement and the December ceremony), the Foundation let Steinman's award stand on the ground that the decision "was made in good faith" while he was believed living.

[unverified-quant — needs primary] Folded biographical context from the capture: Steinman is reported to have spent over four years self-treating his own cancer with eight FDA-approved dendritic-cell-based vaccines built on his own research, extending his life to roughly 3.5 years beyond a six-month prognosis. These figures (eight vaccines, ~4 years, six-month prognosis) are quantitative claims resting on Tier 3–4 secondary retellings (Wikipedia; McGill Office for Science and Society) and are recorded pending a Tier 1–2 primary. His daughter recalled him joking days earlier: "I know I have got to hold out for that. They don't give it to you if you have passed away."

[unverified-historical — needs Tier 1–2 primary] The load-bearing "good faith" rationale is sourced here only to a Tier-4 encyclopedia entry and a Tier-3 popular-science site. Because a rule-exception of this kind is surprising and load-bearing, the sourcing floor escalates it to the Nobel Foundation's own statement. See question-verify-steinman-nobel-posthumous-primary. Held at seedling until confirmed against a primary.