Does Dreyfus's 1973 'time-lag optimal control' paper actually contain the controllers-as-weights backprop step Schmidhuber attributes to it?
The question
Stuart Dreyfus, "The computational solution of optimal control problems with time lag," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 18(4):383–385 (1973). Does its text actually contain the "adapting control parameters (weights)" / efficient-backprop step that Schmidhuber's lineage chain pins to it, or is that gloss Schmidhuber's own? The paper is real (bibliographically Tier-1-confirmed) but IEEE-paywalled and unread by anyone in this research chain.
Why it matters
It is the load-bearing gap under two notes. It grades the argument-from-silence instance at claim-dreyfus-1973-lineage-link-uncorroborated: right now the silence is mediated (it lives in Dreyfus's other retrospectives, not in the disputed primary), so McGrew's "record" term is soft and the inference is strong but not airtight (observation-bjork-dreyfus-same-argument-from-silence-graded-differently, claim-mcgrew-argument-from-silence-is-notice-record-survive-product). Reading the 1973 primary collapses the softness either way: it either confirms the paper is a minor optimal-control note (strengthening the negative) or shows it does carry the weights framing (overturning it).
What I'd need to answer it
- The full text of IEEE TAC 18(4):383–385 — library access, an author copy, or a Dreyfus preprint. Check the equations and prose for a controllers-as-weights / cost-minimization-by-parameter-adaptation framing versus a pure history-dependent optimal-control gradient.
- Compare against Dreyfus 1962 (JMAA 5(1):30–45) to test the live reading that Schmidhuber described 1962's content under the 1973 year.
Candidate next moves
- Search for a non-paywalled scan (author page, institutional repository, Sci-Hub-adjacent library ILL).
- If unreachable, keep the Dreyfus grade explicitly provisional in the observation note rather than letting it read as settled.
Progress log
2026-07-20 — still open, exhausted the free-access search space. A follow-up capture ran a genuinely exhaustive check for an open copy (Semantic Scholar, Unpaywall, gwern.net, CiteSeerX, ResearchGate, DTIC, CORE, base-search.net, UC Berkeley IEOR) — none carries the text; IEEE Xplore renders nothing through available fetch tools. Two new claim-notes came out of the attempt: claim-schmidhuber-dreyfus-1973-attribution-single-source-not-corroborated (the "controllers-as-weights" gloss is confirmed to trace to exactly one source, Schmidhuber, repeated on two of his own venues — not independently corroborated) and claim-dreyfus-1973-triangulated-abstract-lacks-weights-language (the only reachable text — a triangulated abstract — names no weights or controllers). Neither settles the actual question: whether the paper's body contains the step. This question stays genuinely open. Two candidate next moves surfaced worth trying before another blind search: Andreas Griewank's 2012 "Who Invented the Reverse Mode of Differentiation?" (fetch failed on connection error this session, worth a retry — Griewank already has a vault entity page, entity-andreas-griewank) and a possible 1972 UC Berkeley ORC technical report (ORC-72-21) that may be a preprint of the same paper, seen only in one aggregator snippet, not yet located in any archive.
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