Norman Hardy

Computer scientist who named the "confused deputy problem" in a 1988 paper on capability-based security (KeyKOS), and who is, independently, the husband at the center of the Ann Hardy Tymshare credit-misattribution case. His own written history of Tymnet's origins (Computer History Museum, 2016) acknowledges Ann Hardy's operating-system work in his own words, unprompted and outside any interview about the misattribution itself — corroborating her side of that story from the one other named party it concerns.

References

• claim-hardy-1988-named-confused-deputy-compiler-billing
• claim-ann-hardy-tymshare-os-miscredited-to-husband
• claim-norman-hardy-tymnet-account-confirms-ann-hardy-wrote-os
• Captures: 2026-07-09-hop-confused-deputy-ai-agents, 2026-07-22-verify-ann-hardys-authorship-of-the-tymshare-sds