Besombes & Révault d'Allonnes (2008), read in full, builds its information-scoring method as a named extension of STANAG 2022 — citing the standard directly by number and edition

information-fusionsource-evaluationadmiralty-codeSTANAGcitation-practiceverificationnato-rto

Jérôme Besombes and Adrien Révault d'Allonnes's FUSION 2008 paper, titled An Extension of STANAG2022 for Information Scoring, does not invoke NATO doctrine in passing: its whole method is built as a named extension of a specific standard. Its abstract states, "We introduce a new confidence scoring method based on an extension of STANAG2022. Our method uses the two parameters included in the STANAG, that is integrates source-trustworthiness to the computation of information-credibility, with two additional parameters: source-proficiency and information-likelihood." Section II, titled simply "STANAG2022," opens: "The annex to STANAG2022 [1] introduced NATO's intelligence rating scheme. It offered a two-dimensional six-levelled scale (see Table I), wherein confidence in a piece of information was given as a combination of its plausibility and of its source's reliability." The paper's own reference [1] reads "North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 'Annex to stanag 2022 (edition 8),' 1997" — a citation by number and edition, not an inherited paraphrase.

This is the STANAG 2022 variant of the Admiralty-Code two-axis scheme: the standard's "two parameters" are source reliability and information credibility, the same split the vault tracks across its source-grading lineage. The 2008 paper keeps those two axes and adds two more (source-proficiency, information-likelihood), making it an engineering elaboration of the doctrine rather than an independent rediscovery of the two-axis idea.

It is one of the two cluster members read directly in the 2026-10-26 verification pass against question-verify-information-fusion-cluster-cites-stanag-directly. It independently confirms the breadth claim in claim-information-fusion-cites-stanag-by-number-inherited-not-convergent for this paper: ONERA (2012) characterized a cluster of FUSION / NATO-RTO papers as all citing STANAG, and this one — read in its own text, not through ONERA's description — does so in its title, abstract, central section, and reference list. Besombes is also the connective author of that cluster, appearing in both this paper and the 2012 ONERA paper; see entity-jerome-besombes.