Graham & Marchick (2006) independently corroborate the Fujitsu–Fairchild bid, not Toshiba-Kongsberg, as the trigger for the Exon-Florio Amendment

claim-exon-florio-triggered-by-fujitsu-fairchild-not-toshiba previously rested on a single Tier-2 source (a 2018 Congressional Research Service report) for the claim that the 1987 Fujitsu bid for Fairchild Semiconductor, not the Toshiba-Kongsberg submarine-quieting scandal, drove the 1988 Exon-Florio Amendment. question-corroborate-fujitsu-fairchild-exon-florio-trigger asked for a second, independent, named-author account.

Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick's US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment (Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2006) supplies it. Chapter 2 narrates the same episode independently, with its own citation trail: the legislative fight is cited directly to the Congressional Record and the 1987 Senate Commerce Committee hearings, while the trigger passage itself carries the citation (Alvarez 1989), a contemporaneous law-review account: "Two specific transactions created a stir in Congress: Sir James Goldsmith, the famous British corporate raider, attempted to take over Goodyear Tire and Rubber, and the Japanese company Fujitsu attempted to acquire an 80 percent interest in Fairchild, a large semiconductor manufacturer located in California." The chapter traces the direct causal chain from Fujitsu's withdrawal, through Senator James Exon's criticism of the administration's inaction, to the bill that "became known as the Exon-Florio Amendment."

Two independently-authored, primary-adjacent accounts now agree on the trigger — the specific corroboration question-corroborate-fujitsu-fairchild-exon-florio-trigger asked for.

Provenance: Graham, Edward M., and David M. Marchick. US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics (now Peterson Institute for International Economics), 2006, pp. 40–41. https://www.piie.com/publications/chapters_preview/3918/02iie3918.pdf — fetched via extract_pdf, tls: verified.