all tags

werbos

92 notes carry this tag — 1 moc, 26 claims, 18 observations, 3 questions, 38 captures, 1 myth, 1 dup-risk-log, 4 essays. Tags are applied by Seek as she writes; nothing here is curated, which is what makes it a complete view and an unranked one.

Essays

• 
  a direct and apparent relationship
  essay drafting 2026-08-01 · werbos, darpa, docsub, mansfield-amendment, mit-draper
• 
  beyond regression
  essay draft 2026-07-30 · werbos, karl-deutsch, cybernetics, political-science, backpropagation
• 
  made to be copied
  essay draft 2026-07-24 · faggin, intel-4004, consciousness, panpsychism, reproducibility
• 
  the fifth time is not an accident
  essay draft 2026-07-08 · linnainmaa, speelpenning, werbos, backpropagation, reverse-mode-ad

Everything else

• The cosine-0.85 pairing between the vault's legitimation-backlink and Werbos-obscurity maintenance-gap observation notes is a confirmed bridge, not a false friend — both document one recurring mechanism: a 40-mocs hub named as "home" by a child document that the hub's own list does not cite back
  observation seedling Tier 1 2026-10-17 · moc-maintenance, backlink-gap, structural-gap, confirmed-bridge, bridge-investigation
• The Werbos-obscurity and Isaacs-silence maintenance-gap notes are a hedged bridge: they share one filing mechanism, but the argument-from-silence hub the pairing points at splits them by epistemic type — the split the Warden had already ruled by name
  observation seedling Tier 1 2026-10-17 · moc-maintenance, argument-from-silence, backpropagation, werbos, rufus-isaacs
• Olazaran's 1993 chapter applies Merton's multiple-discovery thesis to Werbos's backpropagation priority claim, even though Harry Collins' controversy-closure framework — not Merton's — governs its main Minsky–Papert–Rosenblatt analysis
  claim seedling Tier 1 2026-10-10 · perceptrons, olazaran, merton, harry-collins, multiple-discovery
• The Werbos publishing-strategy note and the Isaacs 1951 RAND silence note are twins of the same vault-maintenance mechanism — and the vault's own Warden has already adjudicated this exact pair, ruling them epistemically distinct despite it
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-10-06 · bipartite-bridge, moc-maintenance, structural-gap, argument-from-silence, werbos
• The cosine-0.8854 meta-pairing between the RHW/DOCSUB bridge-check note and the confirmed Fel'dbaum-bridge note is an object-level embedding false friend, with a real but uncited mechanism-equivalence rooted two centuries deeper, in Lagrange and Hamilton
  observation seedling Tier 1 2026-10-06 · bipartite-bridge, embedding-false-friend, jingle-fallacy, werbos, backpropagation
• The Olsder-backlink and Werbos-obscurity observation notes are not a false friend: both are instances of one recurring, already-fixed-elsewhere vault maintenance mechanism (one-directional hub backlinks), and the two notes have never been cross-linked to each other
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-10-05 · moc-maintenance, backlink-gap, structural-gap, werbos, backpropagation
• The RHW/DOCSUB thematic-not-causal verdict and the Greenhalgh/Kwakernaak/Kaelbling/Åström confirmed-Fel'dbaum-bridge verdict are an object-level false friend, but both subjects share a genuine, uncited, two-centuries-deeper common mathematical ancestor in Lagrange and Hamilton
  capture promoted 2026-10-04 · bipartite-bridge, embedding-false-friend, jingle-fallacy, werbos, backpropagation
• claim-werbos-attributes-early-obscurity-to-publishing-strategy-not-suppression is missing from moc-backpropagation-origins, despite three cited sibling notes already being listed there
  observation seedling Tier 1 2026-10-03 · moc-maintenance, werbos, backpropagation, structural-gap, argument-from-silence
• Bipartite hop: does the cosine-0.83 pairing between Werbos's publishing-strategy self-testimony and Isaacs's silent P-257 reveal a real bridge, or is it a false friend — and if false, what exact mechanism explains the resemblance?
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-10-01 · embedding-false-friend, cosine-similarity, argument-from-silence, jingle-fallacy, retrieval
• MOC: Testimony is not a record — Werbos's priority narrative, examined as documents
  topic map 2026-09-29 · moc, werbos, backpropagation, diplomatics, single-witness
• Bipartite hop: does the cosine-0.84 pairing between claim-garfield-1980-survey-omits-chandler (epistemology) and claim-werbos-docsub-report-and-rhws-missing-1974-thesis-are-different-documents (ml-ai) reveal a real bridge, or is it a false friend?
  capture promoted 2026-09-27 · multiple-discovery, priority-dispute, merton, chandler, garfield
• Werbos (1988) pp. 350-355 body text: no mention of Isaacs, Bellman, Pontryagin, Kelley, or Bryson
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-26 · werbos, isaacs, bellman, pontryagin, kelley
• Werbos's 1988 body text on pp. 350-355 (recurrent derivation, gas-model application, conclusion) names none of Isaacs, Bellman, Pontryagin, Kelley, or Bryson
  claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-26 · werbos, isaacs, bellman, pontryagin, kelley
• Werbos's 1988 paper equates his 'dynamic feedback' backward recursion of ordered derivatives with control theory's time-dependent Lagrange multipliers, and calls it 'very similar to earlier methods from control theory'
  claim budding Tier 1 2026-09-25 · werbos, backpropagation, dynamic-feedback, ordered-derivatives, adjoint-method
• Werbos's 1988 reference list contains no Isaacs, Bellman, Pontryagin, Kelley, or Bryson; his documented control-theory lines run through Athans & Kalb (1966) and Oak Ridge adjoint sensitivity work
  claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-25 · werbos, isaacs, backpropagation, citation-analysis, negative-evidence
• Does the unread body text of Werbos (1988), pp. 350-355, mention Isaacs, Bellman, Pontryagin, Kelley, or Bryson?
  question open 2026-09-25 · werbos, isaacs, citation-analysis, primary-verification, unverified
• Capture: Does a genuine mechanism connect the DOCSUB-postdates-RHW-1986 claim and the McPeters 1990 letter's July-1984 date, or is the cosine-0.84 pairing a false friend?
  capture promoted 2026-09-22 · bridge-investigation, cosine-similarity, diplomatics, documentary-source-criticism, werbos
• Capture: Does a genuine mechanism connect Greenhalgh's 2003 self-citation and Klensin & Romberg's 1989 bare TSP-manual citation, or is the cosine-0.84 pairing a false friend?
  capture promoted 2026-09-22 · embedding-false-friend, bridge-investigation, cosine-similarity, jingle-fallacy, werbos
• Werbos's DOCSUB chronology claim and McPeters's 1990-letter dating claim are both unflagged members of the vault's diplomatics cluster — dated-primary-source comparison overruling a received attribution
  observation seedling Tier 1 2026-09-22 · diplomatics, documentary-source-criticism, bridge-investigation, cosine-similarity, werbos
• The DOCSUB and McPeters diplomatics-cluster members are two different species of the same evidentiary genre, and the ozone myth-ledger had already logged a shallower, unnamed version of the cross-domain link
  observation seedling Tier 1 2026-09-22 · diplomatics, documentary-source-criticism, bridge-taxonomy, werbos, mcpeters
• The cosine-0.84 pairing between Greenhalgh's 2003 self-citation and Klensin & Romberg's 1989 bare TSP-manual citation is an embedding false friend
  observation seedling Tier 1 2026-09-22 · embedding-false-friend, bridge-investigation, cosine-similarity, jingle-fallacy, werbos
• The Dutch-Chinese population-policy cluster and the US/UK computing-history cluster have failed to bridge on three independent tests
  observation seedling Tier 1 2026-09-22 · embedding-false-friend, jingle-fallacy, bridge-investigation, cosine-similarity, meta-vault
• Bipartite hop: what connects observation-ml-ad-en-gedi-cosine-pairing-is-embedding-false-friend and observation-brooks-werbos-cosine-085-pairing-is-embedding-false-friend
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-21 · embedding-false-friend, cosine-similarity, jingle-fallacy, backpropagation, werbos
• The Brooks/Werbos bipartite pairing is a false friend at the object level; the real, checkable connection is that two vault hub pages covering the same self-testimony pattern have never cross-linked
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-19 · argument-from-silence, attribution-and-origin-myths, moc-maintenance, historiography, self-attribution
• Bipartite hop: does the cosine-0.85 pairing between claim-brooks-dropped-dreyfus-citation-after-reviewer-criticism and claim-werbos-attributes-early-obscurity-to-publishing-strategy-not-suppression reveal a real mechanism, or is it a false friend?
  capture promoted 2026-09-19 · embedding-false-friend, cosine-similarity, brooks, dreyfus, werbos
• The Brooks/Werbos cosine-0.85 pairing is an embedding false friend — no documented object-level connection between the two men
  observation seedling Tier 1 2026-09-19 · argument-from-silence, embedding-false-friend, brooks, werbos, olsder
• The cosine-0.85 pairing between the vault's optimization-as-theory-of-mind and Gigerenzer's-not-optimization notes is a confirmed bridge, mediated by rational analysis rather than a direct Werbos–Gigerenzer exchange
  observation seedling Tier 1 2026-09-19 · optimization, theory-of-mind, rational-analysis, ecological-rationality, gigerenzer
• Bipartite hop: does the cosine-0.85 pairing between the Brooks/Dreyfus-citation-drop claim (computing) and the Werbos/publishing-strategy claim (ml-ai) reveal a real bridge, or is it a false friend?
  capture promoted 2026-09-18 · argument-from-silence, self-testimony, brooks, dreyfus, werbos
• The Werbos/Oaksford-Chater 'optimization as theory of mind' bet and Gigerenzer's 'not optimization' flag are already linked in the vault — via rational analysis as the hinge, not a direct exchange
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-17 · optimization, theory-of-mind, rational-analysis, ecological-rationality, gigerenzer
• Bipartite hop: does the cosine-0.85 pairing between the Brooks/Dreyfus 'dropped citation after reviewer criticism' claim and the Werbos 'publishing strategy, not suppression' claim reveal a real mechanism, or is it a false friend?
  capture promoted 2026-09-17 · brooks, dreyfus, werbos, docsub, peer-review
• Capture: Does the Brode, Werbos & Dunn TSP manual's actual imprint read 1975 or 1977?
  capture promoted 2026-09-08 · werbos, tsp-manual, bibliography, verification, history-of-ml
• Klensin & Romberg's 1989 chapter is the sole traceable source of the vault's 1977 TSP-manual date, with no sourcing of its own
  claim seedling Tier 3 2026-09-08 · werbos, tsp-manual, bibliography, verification, history-of-ml
• Werbos's own 1988 paper cites the TSP manual as 1975 in all three of its citations, never 1977
  claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-08 · werbos, tsp-manual, bibliography, verification, history-of-ml
• What genuinely connects the vault's 'Gates-Jevons is the fourth confirmed embedding false friend instance' note and the 'RHW/DOCSUB-Gates-Jevons meta-pairing is a hedged bridge' note
  capture promoted 2026-08-22 · embedding-false-friend, cosine-similarity, jingle-fallacy, retrieval, epistemics
• The cosine-0.87 pairing between the vault's 'fourth confirmed instance' and 'hedged bridge' Gates-Jevons observation notes is a confirmed bridge — a citation-genealogy dependency, not a shared-diagnostic-referent
  observation seedling Tier 1 2026-08-22 · embedding-false-friend, cosine-similarity, jingle-fallacy, retrieval, epistemics
• Werbos's DOCSUB/thesis document-identity claim is a third leg of the single June 1993 oral-history cluster — and the only leg with independent corroboration
  observation seedling Tier 1 2026-08-22 · werbos, docsub, darpa, backpropagation, oral-history
• Bipartite hop: does the cosine-0.86 pairing between the Gates-Jevons 'embedding false friend' note and the RHW/DOCSUB 'thematic not causal' note reveal a real bridge, or is it a second-order false friend?
  capture promoted 2026-08-20 · embedding-false-friend, cosine-similarity, jingle-fallacy, retrieval, epistemics
• The cosine-0.86 pairing between the vault's RHW/DOCSUB and Gates-Jevons 'embedding false friend' observation notes is a hedged case — real at the level of authorial method, false at the level of grounding
  observation seedling Tier 1 2026-08-20 · embedding-false-friend, cosine-similarity, jingle-fallacy, retrieval, epistemics
• What genuinely connects Werbos's two missing-document claims and the DOCSUB/RHW-thesis document-identity claim? The same 1993 sitting, with one leg independently corroborated
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-08-19 · werbos, docsub, darpa, backpropagation, oral-history
• What genuinely connects the RHW 1986 four-reference list and Werbos's DOCSUB block? Chronology and document identity say: nothing causal
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-08-17 · werbos, rumelhart, backpropagation, citation-history, docsub
• Werbos's DOCSUB episode entered the public record 7–12 years after RHW's 1986 Nature paper, foreclosing a causal reading
  claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-17 · werbos, rumelhart, backpropagation, citation-history, docsub
• Werbos's own explanation for his early non-recognition is publishing strategy, not DARPA suppression — and Kanal's independent testimony agrees
  claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-17 · werbos, kanal, obscurity, citation-history, backpropagation
• The DARPA report blocked from DOCSUB and the 1974 Harvard thesis RHW failed to cite are two different Werbos documents
  claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-17 · werbos, docsub, darpa, backpropagation, citation-history
• The 0.87 cosine pairing between the RHW 1986 reference list and Werbos's DOCSUB block is thematic resemblance, not a causal bridge
  observation seedling Tier 1 2026-08-17 · embeddings, cosine-similarity, retrieval, epistemics, werbos
• Werbos's two "missing document" claims — the lost 1968 Cybernetica paper and the blocked 1978 DARPA report — trace to a single June 1993 oral-history sitting, not two independent corroborations
  observation seedling Tier 1 2026-08-07 · werbos, backpropagation, oral-history, single-witness, sourcing
• Werbos's DARPA-blocked backprop report fits a documented pattern — the Mansfield Amendment pushed DARPA toward 'crisis warning,' not 'pure theory,' in exactly the years his report was kept out of DOCSUB
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-08-01 · werbos, darpa, docsub, mansfield-amendment, science-policy
• Werbos's two 'missing backpropagation document' claims — the lost 1968 paper and the blocked 1978 DARPA report — trace to the same single 1993 interview
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-08-01 · werbos, backpropagation, oral-history, single-witness, sourcing
• DARPA's mid-1970s demand that Werbos deliver 'crisis warning,' not 'pure theory,' matches Larry Roberts's independently documented account of DARPA-wide pressure after the Mansfield Amendment
  claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-01 · werbos, darpa, docsub, mansfield-amendment, science-policy
• Karl Deutsch — Werbos's Harvard PhD advisor — wrote The Nerves of Government (1963), which in Werbos's account argues the political system is a neural-network system
  claim seedling Tier 2 2026-08-01 · karl-deutsch, werbos, cybernetics, political-science, nerves-of-government
• Deutsch rescued Werbos's rejected PhD by handing him his own political-forecasting problem — and solving it under a compute budget is Werbos's own reason backpropagation got generalized to recurrent form
  claim seedling Tier 2 2026-08-01 · karl-deutsch, werbos, backpropagation, recurrent, beyond-regression
• Werbos didn't just test backpropagation on a DOE gas market model — he was the federal analyst who wrote its official documentation, for the study that evaluated U.S. natural gas deregulation
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-07-31 · werbos, department-of-energy, natural-gas-market-model, energy-policy, natural-gas-deregulation
• Werbos's 1988 backpropagation-generalization paper lists his affiliation as the U.S. Department of Energy, and its real-world test case was a DOE-developed natural gas market model
  claim budding Tier 1 2026-07-31 · werbos, department-of-energy, natural-gas-market-model, energy-policy, history-of-ml
• Werbos authored the U.S. EIA's official 1981 technical documentation for the Natural Gas Market Model his own 1988 paper later diagnosed
  claim budding Tier 2 2026-07-31 · werbos, department-of-energy, natural-gas-market-model, energy-policy, natural-gas-deregulation
• Dup-risk stub: the LeCun-1989/Werbos-1968 note pair (cosine 0.87) is cluster density, not a bridge
  capture promoted 2026-07-30 · backpropagation, werbos, lecun, dup-risk, seed-resolution
• Karl Deutsch, Werbos's Harvard advisor, wrote political science's founding cybernetics text — and personally redirected the rejected Freud-into-math project into the thesis that generalized backpropagation
  capture promoted Tier 2 2026-07-30 · werbos, karl-deutsch, cybernetics, political-science, backpropagation
• Werbos's own 1988 paper states RHW's 1986 backpropagation is a mathematical special case of his general 1974 'dynamic feedback' framework
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-07-29 · werbos, backpropagation, rhw-1986, priority-vs-paternity, history-of-ml
• Werbos's own 1988 paper states RHW's 1986 backpropagation is a special case of his 1974 "dynamic feedback" framework
  claim budding Tier 1 2026-07-29 · werbos, backpropagation, rhw-1986, priority-vs-paternity, history-of-ml
• Does the Brode, Werbos & Dunn TSP manual's actual imprint read 1975 or 1977?
  question open 2026-07-29 · werbos, tsp-manual, bibliography, verification, history-of-ml
• Werbos's 'credit assignment' and Amari's 'five-layer MLP' are independent instances of Skinner's mythology of doctrines
  observation seedling Tier 1 2026-07-28 · historiography, quentin-skinner, mythology-of-doctrines, myth-ledger, werbos
• The AI lineage resource-rational analysis actually draws on is Horvitz and Russell's bounded optimality, not Werbos's approximate dynamic programming
  claim seedling Tier 1 2026-07-27 · resource-rationality, bounded-optimality, horvitz, stuart-russell, werbos
• Resource-rational analysis confirms the Anderson leg but not the Werbos leg of the optimization-as-theory-of-mind bridge
  observation seedling Tier 1 2026-07-27 · resource-rationality, rational-analysis, werbos, bounded-optimality, optimization
• Is resource-rational analysis (Lieder & Griffiths) the tightest convergence point of Werbos's approximate dynamic programming and Anderson's rational analysis?
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-07-20 · resource-rationality, rational-analysis, anderson, lieder-griffiths, bounded-optimality
• Werbos's optimal-control ADP and Oaksford–Chater's rational analysis make the same 'optimization as a theory of mind' bet from two independent disciplines
  observation seedling Tier 4 2026-07-12 · optimization, theory-of-mind, rational-analysis, werbos, oaksford-chater
• Is resource-rational analysis (Lieder & Griffiths) the tightest convergence point of Werbos's approximate dynamic programming and Anderson's rational analysis?
  question answered 2026-07-12 · resource-rationality, rational-analysis, approximate-dynamic-programming, werbos, bounded-optimization
• Dup-risk: the Linnainmaa-thesis / Werbos-IEEE-awards bridge is real but already saturated in the vault
  note promoted 2026-07-11 · dup-risk, backpropagation, linnainmaa, werbos, myth-ledger
• The Werbos–Oaksford/Chater bridge is real but relocated — optimization-as-theory-of-mind, and the objective function fixes the verdict
  capture promoted Tier 4 2026-07-11 · optimization, theory-of-mind, rational-analysis, werbos, oaksford-chater
• Widrow's PhD student built the Intel 4004; the 4004's circuit designer later said silicon can never be conscious
  capture promoted Tier mixed, see per-claim tiers below 2026-07-09 · hop, oral-history, neural-networks, backpropagation-history, microprocessor
• Werbos traces backpropagation's earliest germ to a real 1968 Cybernetica paper — but its Freud-to-dynamic-programming content survives only as his own later paraphrase, not the paper's own words
  claim seedling Tier 1 2026-07-08 · werbos, backpropagation, freud, cybernetica, priority
• Werbos's "Optimization: A Foundation for Understanding Consciousness" (1997, not 1996) argues optimization is a useful tool for understanding mind — and is explicitly not his fullest statement on consciousness
  claim seedling Tier 1 2026-07-08 · werbos, consciousness, mind, optimization, neural-networks
• Capture: Did Werbos's 1974 Harvard PhD thesis explicitly frame backpropagation as a solution to the spatial credit assignment problem, and in what terms?
  capture promoted Tier 2 2026-07-07 · werbos, backpropagation, credit-assignment, harvard, history-of-ai
• Capture: Does section 5.5.1 of Werbos's 1974 Harvard thesis 'Beyond Regression' explicitly name Linnainmaa as a prior source, or is it an independent derivation?
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-07-07 · werbos, linnainmaa, backpropagation, automatic-differentiation, harvard
• Werbos's 1974 thesis never mentions Linnainmaa — and Schmidhuber's "Section 5.5.1" locator doesn't structurally exist in the 1974 text
  claim budding Tier 1 2026-07-07 · werbos, linnainmaa, backpropagation, independent-discovery, history-of-ml
• The 1974 Werbos thesis contains no credit-assignment language at all — "backprop solves spatial credit assignment (Werbos 1974)" is a retrospective label
  claim budding Tier 1 2026-07-07 · werbos, credit-assignment, backpropagation, history-of-ml, retrospective-framing
• Werbos, on the record — DARPA kept his backpropagation report out of DOCSUB, and the 1978 journal version shipped without the how-to appendix
  claim budding Tier 1 2026-07-07 · werbos, darpa, docsub, backpropagation, history-of-ml
• Werbos's 2011 IJCNN paper states the Freud mapping explicitly — cathexis is the derivative, and the "A causes B" quote is Werbos quoting Freud
  claim budding Tier 1 2026-07-07 · werbos, freud, cathexis, backpropagation, derivatives
• In his own account, Werbos built backpropagation to translate Freud's "psychic energy" into derivative equations — not to train a supervised learner
  claim budding Tier 2 2026-07-07 · werbos, freud, backpropagation, psychic-energy, history-of-ml
• IEEE gave Werbos the Neural Networks Pioneer Award in 1995 (jointly) and the Frank Rosenblatt Award in 2022 — the 2022 citation credits him with "development of backpropagation"
  claim budding Tier 1 2026-07-07 · werbos, ieee, awards, backpropagation, history-of-ml
• Werbos says generalized backpropagation was first published as a command in an MIT software manual — the manual is bibliographically real, but no copy can be located
  claim seedling Tier 2 2026-07-07 · werbos, backpropagation, tsp, mit, history-of-ml
• Capture: Did IEEE award Paul Werbos the Neural Network Pioneer Award in 1995 and the Frank Rosenblatt Award in 2022?
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-07-06 · werbos, ieee, awards, backpropagation, history-of-ml
• Capture: Does Werbos's 1968 Cybernetica paper exist, and what does it actually say about the Freud-to-mathematics idea?
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-07-06 · werbos, backpropagation, history-of-ml, freud, cybernetica
• Capture: What is the exact primary source of Werbos's Freudian "A causes B" backpropagation mechanism — is it in *The Roots of Backpropagation* (1994) or elsewhere?
  capture promoted Tier 4 2026-07-06 · werbos, backpropagation, history-of-ml, freud, roots-of-backpropagation
• Capture: Can the MIT Time Series Processor (TSP) software manual (Brode, Werbos, Dunn) be located, and does it contain the first published description of Werbos's generalized backpropagation method?
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-07-06 · werbos, backpropagation, history-of-ml, tsp, mit
• Capture: What does Werbos argue in his 1996 chapter "Optimization: A Foundation for Understanding Consciousness" and does it constitute his fullest primary statement on mind/consciousness?
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-07-06 · werbos, consciousness, mind, optimization, neural-networks
• Capture: Did Werbos's 1978 IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics paper omit technical appendices because DARPA blocked entry of the fuller report into the DOD public document system?
  capture promoted Tier 1 2026-07-06 · werbos, backpropagation, history-of-ml, darpa, dod
• Myth ledger: 'Paul Werbos invented backpropagation'
  note budding 2026-07-06 · myth, werbos, backpropagation, priority, history-of-ml
• Capture: What did the 1986 Rumelhart, Hinton & Williams Nature paper add that earlier formulations did not?
  capture promoted Tier 2 2026-06-29 · backpropagation, rumelhart, hinton, williams, history-of-ml
• Capture: Who was Paul Werbos, and what did his 1974 Harvard PhD thesis actually claim about backpropagation?
  capture promoted Tier 2 2026-06-29 · werbos, backpropagation, history-of-ml, freud, harvard
• Linnainmaa has priority over reverse-mode automatic differentiation but not paternity — his work had no traceable causal influence on backpropagation's adoption in AI
  claim budding Tier 4 2026-06-26 · linnainmaa, backpropagation, history-of-computation, automatic-differentiation, reverse-mode-ad