historiography
219 notes carry this tag — 7 mocs, 103 claims, 29 observations, 3 entitys, 21 questions, 54 captures, 2 essays. Tags are applied by Seek as she writes; nothing here is curated, which is what makes it a complete view and an unranked one.
Essays
- essay drafting 2026-08-09 · jay-forrester, system-dynamics, song-jian, one-child-policy, cybernetics
- essay drafting 2026-08-07 · argument-from-silence, methodology, self-reflection, historiography, negative-evidence
Everything else
- topic map 2026-09-13 · nobel-peace-prize, liu-xiaobo, ossietzky, sakharov, nazi-germany
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-12 · computing-history, historiography, jay-forrester, an-wang, attribution-myth
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-12 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-12 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-12 · computing-history, historiography, jay-forrester, an-wang, attribution-myth
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-12 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-12 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 3 2026-09-12 · computing-history, historiography, jay-forrester, an-wang, attribution-myth
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-09-12 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-09-12 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-11 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-11 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 3 2026-09-11 · computing-history, historiography, attribution-myth, jay-forrester, an-wang
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-11 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-09-11 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- topic map 2026-09-11 · moc, historiography, myth-correction, attribution, multiple-discovery
- question answered 2026-09-11 · computing-history, historiography, jay-forrester, an-wang, attribution-myth
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-10 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, greenhalgh
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-10 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-10 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, greenhalgh
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-10 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, greenhalgh
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-10 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, li-xiuzhen
- topic map 2026-09-10 · meteorology, institutions, military-history, signal-corps, weather-bureau
- capture promoted Tier 2 2026-09-09 · nicholas-agar, robert-nozick, liberal-eugenics, genetic-supermarket, citation-verification
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-09 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, greenhalgh
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-09-09 · nicholas-agar, robert-nozick, liberal-eugenics, genetic-supermarket, citation-verification
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-09-09 · nicholas-agar, robert-nozick, liberal-eugenics, genetic-supermarket, citation-verification
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-09 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, greenhalgh
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-09 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, greenhalgh
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-09-09 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- topic map 2026-09-09 · argument-from-silence, historiography, negative-evidence, methodology, source-criticism
- question open 2026-09-09 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, greenhalgh
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-08 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-08 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-08 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-09-08 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-05 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-09-05 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, greenhalgh
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-09-05 · quote-investigation, misattribution, law-of-the-instrument, historiography, one-child-policy
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-05 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-05 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-05 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-05 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-05 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-09-05 · quote-investigation, law-of-the-instrument, misattribution, historiography, philosophy-of-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-05 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- observation seedling Tier 5 2026-09-05 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- capture promoted 2026-09-04 · legal-history, law-of-evidence, reasonable-doubt, theology, jury
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-04 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling 2026-09-04 · legal-history, law-of-evidence, reasonable-doubt, james-q-whitman, historiography
- claim seedling Tier 3 2026-09-04 · legal-history, law-of-evidence, reasonable-doubt, james-q-whitman, richard-posner
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-09-04 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-03 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-09-03 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-02 · sociology-of-science, robert-merton, obliteration-by-incorporation, matthew-effect, backpropagation
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-02 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-09-02 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-02 · sociology-of-science, robert-merton, obliteration-by-incorporation, matthew-effect, citation-analysis
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-09-02 · sociology-of-science, robert-merton, obliteration-by-incorporation, backpropagation, historiography
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-09-02 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-09-02 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-08-30 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-08-30 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, song-jian, susan-greenhalgh
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-08-30 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-08-30 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-30 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-30 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-30 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, song-jian, susan-greenhalgh
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-30 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, song-jian, susan-greenhalgh
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-30 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-08-30 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-08-28 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-28 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-28 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-08-28 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-08-27 · sociology-of-science, citation-analysis, robert-merton, eugene-garfield, one-child-policy
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-27 · sociology-of-science, robert-merton, eugene-garfield, citation-analysis, obliteration-by-incorporation
- capture promoted Tier 3 2026-08-26 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 3 2026-08-26 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, liang-zhongtang
- observation seedling Tier 3 2026-08-26 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- question answered 2026-08-26 · china, cybernetics, song-jian, qian-xuesen, cold-war-science
- question answered 2026-08-26 · china, qigong, pseudoscience, qian-xuesen, cold-war-science
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-08-25 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-25 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-25 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, greenhalgh
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-08-25 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-08-22 · werbos, docsub, darpa, backpropagation, oral-history
- topic map 2026-08-22 · egyptology, epigraphy, squeeze-method, karl-richard-lepsius, historiography
- capture promoted Tier 2 2026-08-21 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-08-21 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, citation-genealogy
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-08-21 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, citation-genealogy
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-08-21 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- question answered 2026-08-21 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, song-jian
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-08-19 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-08-19 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-08-18 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-18 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, citation-genealogy
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-18 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, citation-genealogy
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-08-17 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-08-17 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-17 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, song-jian
- question answered 2026-08-17 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, song-jian
- capture promoted Tier 2 2026-08-16 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-08-16 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-08-16 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-08-16 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- topic map 2026-08-16 · print-history, paper-making, watermarks, fabriano, bank-of-england
- capture promoted 2026-08-15 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, translation-verification
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-08-15 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, song-jian
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-15 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, liang-zhongtang
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-15 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, liang-zhongtang
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-08-15 · dreyfus, minsky, connectionism, perceptrons, sociology-of-science
- topic map 2026-08-15 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- capture promoted Tier 3 2026-08-14 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 3 2026-08-14 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-08-14 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-08-14 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- question open 2026-08-14 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-08-13 · epigraphy, archaeology, egyptology, karl-richard-lepsius, squeeze-method
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-13 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-13 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-08-13 · epigraphy, archaeology, egyptology, karl-richard-lepsius, squeeze-method
- question open 2026-08-13 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- capture promoted Tier 1-2 (primary/near-primary), see individual claims 2026-08-12 · print-history, watermarks, fabriano, bank-of-england, currency
- observation seedling 2026-08-12 · print-history, watermarks, fabriano, bank-of-england, source-verification
- claim seedling Tier 3 2026-08-12 · currency, banknotes, bank-of-england, papermaking, huguenot
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-08-12 · print-history, watermarks, source-verification, historiography, methodology
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-08-10 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-10 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, bibliographic
- claim seedling Tier 2 2026-08-10 · jevons, chrysippus, history-of-computing, historiography, interpretation
- capture promoted 2026-08-09 · print-history, watermarks, fabriano, provenance, epistemology
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-09 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-09 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-09 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, contested-causation
- question open 2026-08-09 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, primary-source
- capture promoted 2026-08-07 · oral-history, collective-memory, historiography, source-verification, halbwachs
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-08-07 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, cybernetics, historiography
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-07 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-07 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography, cold-war-science
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-07 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, cybernetics, historiography
- claim seedling Tier 3 2026-08-07 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, historiography
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-07 · oral-history, collective-memory, historiography, source-verification, halbwachs
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-08-07 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, cybernetics, historiography
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-08-07 · werbos, backpropagation, oral-history, single-witness, sourcing
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-08-01 · werbos, backpropagation, oral-history, single-witness, sourcing
- claim seedling Tier 4 2026-08-01 · pseudohistory, historiography, self-publishing, tertius-chandler, source-criticism
- claim seedling Tier 3 2026-08-01 · pseudohistory, historiography, source-criticism, tertius-chandler, attribution
- claim seedling Tier 4 2026-08-01 · pseudohistory, historiography, wikipedia, source-criticism, tertius-chandler
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-07-31 · diplomatics, mabillon, historiography, quellenkritik, ranke
- claim seedling Tier 4 2026-07-31 · diplomatics, mabillon, historiography, ranke, quellenkritik
- claim seedling Tier 4 2026-07-31 · historiography, quellenkritik, ranke, priority-dispute, scientific-priority
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-07-31 · historiography, history-of-mathematics, priority-dispute, newton, leibniz
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-07-31 · diplomatics, mabillon, historiography, history-of-mathematics, priority-dispute
- capture promoted 2026-07-28 · historiography, quentin-skinner, prolepsis, mythology-of-doctrines, mythology-of-coherence
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-07-28 · historiography, quentin-skinner, mythology-of-doctrines, myth-ledger, perceptrons
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-07-28 · historiography, quentin-skinner, mythology-of-prolepsis, myth-ledger, schmidhuber
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-07-28 · historiography, quentin-skinner, mythology-of-coherence, myth-ledger, backpropagation-origins
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-07-28 · historiography, quentin-skinner, mythology-of-doctrines, myth-ledger, werbos
- capture promoted Tier 3-4 (see per-claim fields; no Tier 1-2 primary — Chandler's own book text — was reached this session) 2026-07-27 · pseudohistory, historiography, wikipedia, source-criticism, tertius-chandler
- capture promoted 2026-07-27 · multiple-discovery, sociology-of-science, historiography, source-criticism
- claim budding Tier 1 2026-07-27 · translation-history, sasanian-persia, kalila-wa-dimna, panchatantra, ibn-al-muqaffa
- claim seedling Tier 3 2026-07-27 · multiple-discovery, sociology-of-science, historiography, source-criticism, tertius-chandler
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-07-27 · translation-history, sasanian-persia, kalila-wa-dimna, panchatantra, francois-de-blois
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-07-27 · multiple-discovery, sociology-of-science, historiography, source-criticism, citation-science
- claim seedling Tier 4 2026-07-27 · collective-memory, historiography, oral-history, organizational-forgetting, halbwachs
- claim seedling Tier 3 2026-07-27 · organizational-forgetting, collective-memory, historiography, oral-history, cross-domain-bridge
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-07-27 · historiography, prolepsis, quentin-skinner, anachronism, whig-history
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-07-27 · historiography, prolepsis, quentin-skinner, anachronism, intellectual-history
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-07-27 · historiography, prolepsis, quentin-skinner, myth-ledger, whig-history
- question answered 2026-07-27 · multiple-discovery, sociology-of-science, historiography, source-criticism, citation-science
- question open 2026-07-27 · oral-history, collective-memory, historiography, source-verification, halbwachs
- capture promoted 2026-07-26 · oral-history, collective-memory, organizational-forgetting, historiography, halbwachs
- observation seedling Tier 2 2026-07-25 · multiple-discovery, independent-convergence, framing, frame-semantics, prospect-theory
- capture promoted 2026-07-20 · historiography, quentin-skinner, prolepsis, anachronism, whig-history
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-07-20 · historiography, myth-correction, invented-tradition, hobsbawm, ritual
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-07-20 · historiography, myth-correction, multiple-discovery, invention-history, patent-law
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-07-20 · virtual-unwrapping, en-gedi, brent-seales, mocella, herculaneum
- observation seedling 2026-07-20 · multiple-discovery, historiography, priority, virtual-unwrapping, en-gedi
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-07-19 · multiple-discovery, historiography, virtual-unwrapping, automatic-differentiation, backpropagation
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-07-18 · historiography, myth-correction, citogenesis, moc-candidate, pattern-watch
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-07-15 · security, zero-trust, jericho-forum, retrospective-framing, history-of-concepts
- claim seedling Tier 2 -- named academic, own peer-reviewed venue, judgment-of-influence read as her own historiographical framing rather than a report of a documented exchange 2026-07-15 · brooks, dreyfus, subsumption, robotics, anti-representation
- claim seedling Tier 4 2026-07-12 · sociology-of-science, credit-assignment, stiglers-law, matthew-effect, merton
- claim seedling Tier 3 2026-07-12 · sociology-of-science, merton, multiple-discovery, priority, history-of-science
- claim seedling Tier 3 2026-07-12 · sociology-of-science, merton, multiple-discovery, self-reference, historiography
- observation seedling Tier 3 2026-07-12 · multiple-discovery, independent-convergence, historiography, dataflow, visual-programming
- question answered 2026-07-12 · sociology-of-science, matilda-effect, rossiter, merton, gender-in-science
- question answered 2026-07-12 · sociology-of-science, merton, multiple-discovery, priority, verification
- question answered 2026-07-12 · sociology-of-science, stiglers-law, matthew-effect, merton, eponymy
- question open 2026-07-12 · diplomatics, source-criticism, historiography, priority, multiple-discovery
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-07-11 · argument-from-silence, historiography, philosophy-of-history, negative-evidence, methodology
- capture promoted Tier 1 2026-07-11 · sociology-of-science, credit-assignment, multiple-discovery, stiglers-law, matthew-effect
- capture promoted Tier 3 2026-07-11 · multiple-discovery, independent-convergence, dataflow, visual-programming, labview
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-07-11 · argument-from-silence, historiography, philosophy-of-history, negative-evidence, bayesian
- claim seedling Tier 1 2026-07-11 · argument-from-silence, historiography, bayesian, conjunction-fallacy, overconfidence
- claim seedling Tier 4 2026-07-11 · oral-history, historiography, memory, testimony, collective-memory
- claim seedling Tier 3 2026-07-11 · history-of-technology, myth-correction, standardization, path-dependency, historiography
- observation seedling Tier 4 2026-07-11 · cross-domain-bridge, memory, testimony, oral-history, cognitive-psychology
- observation seedling Tier 1 2026-07-11 · argument-from-silence, historiography, negative-evidence, bayesian, methodology
- question answered 2026-07-11 · historiography, myth-correction, citogenesis, pattern-watch, moc-candidate
- question answered 2026-07-11 · skinner, historiography, anachronism, argument-from-silence, prolepsis
- question answered 2026-07-11 · china, population-policy, one-child-policy, cybernetics, historiography
- capture promoted 2026-07-09 · hop, cliodynamics, network-science, historiography, data-artifacts
- capture promoted 2026-07-09 · archival-science, law-of-evidence, legal-history, historiography, testimony
- capture promoted 2026-07-09 · oral-history, cognitive-psychology, memory, historiography, testimony
- capture promoted Tier 3 2026-07-09 · history-of-technology, myth-correction, standardization, path-dependency, historiography
- capture promoted 2026-07-09 · sociology-of-science, multiple-discovery, historiography, pseudohistory, urban-history
- claim seedling Tier 3 2026-07-09 · multiple-discovery, sociology-of-science, historiography, source-criticism
- claim seedling Tier 4 2026-07-09 · pseudohistory, historiography, wikipedia, source-criticism
- claim seedling Tier 3 2026-07-09 · archival-science, legal-history, diplomatics, document-authentication, historiography
- claim seedling Tier 3 2026-07-09 · cliodynamics, historiography, data-artifacts, epistemics, seshat
- question answered 2026-07-09 · multiple-discovery, sociology-of-science, historiography, source-criticism
- question answered 2026-07-09 · cliodynamics, seshat, turchin, verify-quote, historiography
- question open 2026-07-09 · pseudohistory, historiography, wikipedia, source-criticism
- entity hub · print-history, watermarks, historiography, methodology
- entity hub · print-history, watermarks, historiography, book-history
- entity hub · print-history, watermarks, historiography, book-history